Mariam Gudzuadze

Every living organism and the tissues of the body are composed of cells, the smallest units that are capable of living on their own. Any cell, whether we are talking about plant or animal cells, consists of three main parts: the cell membrane, the cytoplasm, and the nucleus. Obviously, each of these elements has unique … Read more

There are numerous biological processes that are absolutely crucial for living organisms to grow, develop, or simply exist. Cell division is one of the most critical processes without which there would be no life on our planet. While there are several. types of cell division, including mitosis, meiosis, and binary fission, the primary goal is … Read more

In biochemistry, there are multiple main metabolic pathways that either generate or release energy for the cells through chemical reactions. Although there are plenty of metabolic pathways in general, some of them are especially crucial for humans. The most important metabolic pathways for humans are glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle), oxidative phosphorylation, the … Read more

Chemical regulation is an essential process occurring in living organisms during which specific substances are produced to influence metabolism or induce the synthesis of other chemicals. These substances are called hormones. As hormones regulate various processes in the body and act as chemical messengers, they are also called chemical regulators. In fact, hormones are integral … Read more

Lipids, in general, are compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. These are fatty, waxy, or oily substances, steroids, phospholipids, specific fat-soluble vitamins, hormones, and others. While all types of lipids are crucial for numerous reasons, phospholipids are among the essential substances for living beings. But what is the significance of … Read more

Generally speaking, there are two types of reproduction: asexual and sexual reproduction. While mitosis occurs during asexual reproduction, only sexually reproductive organisms make use of meiosis. Although both mitosis and meiosis are of huge importance, this article will focus on the significance of mitosis. From growing and repairing cells to being involved in sexual reproduction … Read more

Animal cell culture is a biotechnological technique in which a favorable environment is created to grow animal cells artificially. The cells are typically derived from multicellular eukaryotes and such cells are referred to as primary cells. On the other hand, cells can also be put in the appropriate culture and the resulting cells are known … Read more

Studying, in general, is important for numerous reasons and getting good marks is not the primary one. In fact, studying not only boosts your educational development but also enhances various skills you need in life. When it comes to studying chemistry, many students consider the field somewhat irrelevant and think that chemistry is not important … Read more

While chemistry is one of the most significant sciences, its branches make it even more diverse and critical. Green chemistry is a branch of chemistry that mainly focuses on designing chemicals and materials that either reduce or eliminate the use and generation of chemical wastes. Therefore, green chemistry is pretty much essential to managing levels … Read more

As you may already know, chemistry incorporates a wide range of other disciplines, enabling scientists to conduct comprehensive research and provide solutions to numerous global problems. Physical chemistry is one of the major branches of chemistry that provides a better understanding of how physical principles are involved in chemical processes. Evidently, physical chemistry is essential … Read more

Undoubtedly, chemistry is key to improving the standard of living in multiple ways. While some branches of chemistry, such as biochemistry, focus on living systems, others provide a better understanding of how different materials are synthesized and produced on an industrial level. Whether we are talking about personal care products or synthetic materials, industrial chemistry … Read more

Chemistry is one of the most critical scientific fields that provide practical solutions to global problems. What makes chemistry even more crucial is that it comprises different branches, each dealing with specific aspects of matter. Nuclear chemistry is one of the branches of chemistry that primarily focuses on studying radiation on atomic and molecular levels. … Read more

Undoubtedly, chemistry is super important in developing and advancing various aspects of life. But what makes chemistry so crucial? It is the variety of branches and sub-branches chemistry comprises. Computational chemistry is one of the quite innovative branches of chemistry that uses computer programs to solve complex chemical problems. By creating simulations based on massive … Read more

Chemistry, in general, is fundamental to understanding how the earth works. Chemistry can be divided into various categories, each being responsible for exploring particular aspects of the field. Environmental chemistry is one of the essential branches of chemistry that focuses on studying the impact of chemical agents on our environment. Whether produced intentionally or as … Read more

A coordination compound is any substance in which a metal is a central atom and is surrounded by multiple nonmetal atoms or groups of atoms (ligands). Coordination compounds are synthesized through Lewis acid-base reactions and feature distinctive physical and chemical properties. From metallurgy and pigment production to biology and medicine, coordination compounds are widely used … Read more

Living organisms are exposed to various chemicals through the air they breathe, the water they drink, and the food they eat. While some substances are totally safe to be consumed, others are toxic and can even facilitate fatal consequences. Therefore, understanding the toxicity of the products and chemicals we are exposed to daily is vital … Read more

Although the term “stoichiometry” sounds pretty fancy, it denotes a simple principle in chemistry that enables chemists to quantitatively analyze the relations between the reactants and products of a chemical reaction. While stoichiometry is one of the simplest ideas, it is of fundamental importance to understanding various aspects of chemistry. Without stoichiometric calculations, chemists would … Read more

A polymerase is any of several enzymes responsible for the catalysis of the formation of DNA and RNA molecules. While pre-existing DNA and RNA act as original templates, polymerases assemble the molecules from precursor substances. Polymerases are found in all living organisms and are essential for our bodies to function properly or for us to … Read more

Chemical bonds are strong forces of attraction that hold atoms and molecules together. Chemical bonds are pretty much essential for the existence of substances, materials, and even living beings. Although we cannot really observe chemical bonds, they are everywhere. The screen you are reading this article from consists of numerous chemical bonds. The water and … Read more

While chlorine is the second-most abundant halogen on the Earth, it is mainly found in the form of sodium chloride. Along with being included in various household products, chlorine is also widely used in numerous production industries. From acting as a natural disinfectant or pesticide to being essential for the production of pharmaceuticals and plastic, … Read more

As you may already know, constants are not random numbers found in mathematical equations. These derived numbers play a crucial role in the evolution of various theories in physics. Planck’s constant is one of the fundamental constants that explains how quantum mechanics or different electronic devices work. In addition, Planck’s constant is used for analyzing … Read more

Photosynthesis is a process during which sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are converted into sugars. In other words, photosynthesis transforms light energy into chemical energy that fuels a large variety of processes on the Earth. While no one argues about the significance of photosynthesis, some people believe that its primary goal is to produce oxygen. … Read more

Analytical chemistry is one of the essential branches of chemistry that detects, identifies, characterizes, and quantifies chemical compounds in a given sample. While analytical chemistry is a laboratory-based science, it plays a crucial role in various industries and study fields, such as agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Although analytical chemistry offers a wide range of … Read more